Zhe Cao, Tomas Simon, Shih-En Wei, Yaser Sheikh
We present an approach to efficiently detect the 2D pose of multiple people in an image. The approach uses a nonparametric representation, which we refer to as Part Affinity Fields (PAFs), to learn to associate body parts with individuals in the image. The architecture encodes global context, allowing a greedy bottom-up parsing step that maintains high accuracy while achieving realtime performance, irrespective of the number of people in the image. The architecture is designed to jointly learn part locations and their association via two branches of the same sequential prediction process. Our method placed first in the inaugural COCO 2016 keypoints challenge, and significantly exceeds the previous state-of-the-art result on the MPII Multi-Person benchmark, both in performance and efficiency.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP | 61.8 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AR | 66.5 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO | Validation AP | 60.5 | Part Affinity Fields |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AR | 66.5 | CMU Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AR50 | 87.2 | CMU Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | ARL | 74.6 | CMU Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | ARM | 60.6 | CMU Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP | 61.8 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU-Pose |
| Pose Estimation | COCO | AP | 0.618 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AP | 61.8 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AR | 66.5 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO | Validation AP | 60.5 | Part Affinity Fields |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AR | 66.5 | CMU Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AR50 | 87.2 | CMU Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | ARL | 74.6 | CMU Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | ARM | 60.6 | CMU Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AP | 61.8 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU-Pose |
| 3D | COCO | AP | 0.618 | CMU-Pose |
| 2D Human Pose Estimation | COCO-WholeBody | WB | 33.8 | OpenPose |
| 2D Human Pose Estimation | COCO-WholeBody | body | 56.3 | OpenPose |
| 2D Human Pose Estimation | COCO-WholeBody | face | 48.2 | OpenPose |
| 2D Human Pose Estimation | COCO-WholeBody | foot | 53.2 | OpenPose |
| 2D Human Pose Estimation | COCO-WholeBody | hand | 19.8 | OpenPose |
| Multi-Person Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP | 61.8 | CMU-Pose |
| Multi-Person Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU-Pose |
| Multi-Person Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU-Pose |
| Multi-Person Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU-Pose |
| Multi-Person Pose Estimation | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU-Pose |
| Multi-Person Pose Estimation | COCO | AP | 0.618 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AP | 61.8 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AR | 66.5 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO | Validation AP | 60.5 | Part Affinity Fields |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AR | 66.5 | CMU Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AR50 | 87.2 | CMU Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | ARL | 74.6 | CMU Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | ARM | 60.6 | CMU Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AP | 61.8 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AP50 | 84.9 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | AP75 | 67.5 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | APL | 68.2 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO test-dev | APM | 57.1 | CMU-Pose |
| 1 Image, 2*2 Stitchi | COCO | AP | 0.618 | CMU-Pose |