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Papers/FFJORD: Free-form Continuous Dynamics for Scalable Reversi...

FFJORD: Free-form Continuous Dynamics for Scalable Reversible Generative Models

Will Grathwohl, Ricky T. Q. Chen, Jesse Bettencourt, Ilya Sutskever, David Duvenaud

2018-10-02ICLR 2019 5Density EstimationFormImage GenerationVariational Inference
PaperPDFCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCode

Abstract

A promising class of generative models maps points from a simple distribution to a complex distribution through an invertible neural network. Likelihood-based training of these models requires restricting their architectures to allow cheap computation of Jacobian determinants. Alternatively, the Jacobian trace can be used if the transformation is specified by an ordinary differential equation. In this paper, we use Hutchinson's trace estimator to give a scalable unbiased estimate of the log-density. The result is a continuous-time invertible generative model with unbiased density estimation and one-pass sampling, while allowing unrestricted neural network architectures. We demonstrate our approach on high-dimensional density estimation, image generation, and variational inference, achieving the state-of-the-art among exact likelihood methods with efficient sampling.

Results

TaskDatasetMetricValueModel
Density EstimationUCI GASCD1.29FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI GASEMD0.146FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI GASLog-likelihood8.59FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI GASMMD-CD0.95FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI GASMMD-EMD0.135FFJORD
Density EstimationBSDS300CD0.683FFJORD
Density EstimationBSDS300EMD0.0281FFJORD
Density EstimationBSDS300Log-likelihood157.4FFJORD
Density EstimationBSDS300MMD-CD0.548FFJORD
Density EstimationBSDS300MMD-EMD0.0227FFJORD
Density EstimationBSDS300NLL-157.4FFJORD
Density EstimationCaltech-101MMD-L218.6FFJORD
Density EstimationCaltech-101Negative ELBO104.03FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI HEPMASSCD13.8FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI HEPMASSEMD0.164FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI HEPMASSLog-likelihood-14.92FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI HEPMASSMMD-CD13.8FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI HEPMASSMMD-EMD0.158FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI HEPMASSNLL14.92FFJORD
Density EstimationCIFAR-10NLL (bits/dim)3.4FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI MINIBOONECD24.6FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI MINIBOONEEMD0.27FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI MINIBOONELog-likelihood-10.43FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI MINIBOONEMMD-CD24.1FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI MINIBOONEMMD-EMD0.254FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI MINIBOONENLL10.43FFJORD
Density EstimationMNISTMMD-L217.3FFJORD
Density EstimationMNISTNLL (bits/dim)0.99FFJORD
Density EstimationFreyfacesMMD-L20.834FFJORD
Density EstimationFreyfacesNegative ELBO4.39FFJORD
Density EstimationOMNIGLOTMMD-L220.5FFJORD
Density EstimationOMNIGLOTNegative ELBO98.33FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI POWERCD0.153FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI POWEREMD0.116FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI POWERLog-likelihood0.46FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI POWERMMD-CD0.144FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI POWERMMD-EMD0.111FFJORD
Density EstimationUCI POWERNLL-0.46FFJORD

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