Density Estimation on CIFAR-10

Metric: NLL (bits/dim) (lower is better)

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#	Model↕	NLL (bits/dim)▲	Augmentations	Paper	Date↕	Code
1	i-DODE	2.42	No	Improved Techniques for Maximum Likelihood Estim...	2023-05-06	Code
2	MULAN	2.55	No	Diffusion Models With Learned Adaptive Noise	2023-12-20	Code
3	BSI	2.64	No	Generative Modeling with Bayesian Sample Inference	2025-02-11	Code
4	VDM	2.65	No	Variational Diffusion Models	2021-07-01	Code
5	DVP-VAE	2.73	No	Hierarchical VAE with a Diffusion-based VampPrior	2024-12-02	Code
6	Image Transformer	2.9	No	Image Transformer	2018-02-15	-
7	Pixel CNN ++	2.92	No	PixelCNN++: Improving the PixelCNN with Discreti...	2017-01-19	Code
8	score SDE	2.99	No	Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochast...	2020-11-26	Code
9	Flow matching	2.99	No	Flow Matching for Generative Modeling	2022-10-06	Code
10	Pixel CNN	3.03	No	Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decod...	2016-06-16	Code
11	RNODE	3.38	No	How to train your neural ODE: the world of Jacob...	2020-02-07	Code
12	FFJORD	3.4	No	FFJORD: Free-form Continuous Dynamics for Scalab...	2018-10-02	Code
13	MRCNF	3.54	No	Multi-Resolution Continuous Normalizing Flows	2021-06-15	Code
14	DDPM	3.69	No	Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models	2020-06-19	Code

#1i-DODESOTA
2.42
NLL (bits/dim)· 2023-05-06
Improved Techniques for Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Diffusion ODEs Code
#2MULAN
2.55
NLL (bits/dim)· 2023-12-20
Diffusion Models With Learned Adaptive Noise Code
#3BSI
2.64
NLL (bits/dim)· 2025-02-11
Generative Modeling with Bayesian Sample Inference Code
#4VDMSOTA
2.65
NLL (bits/dim)· 2021-07-01
Variational Diffusion Models Code
#5DVP-VAE
2.73
NLL (bits/dim)· 2024-12-02
Hierarchical VAE with a Diffusion-based VampPrior Code
#6Image TransformerSOTA
2.9
NLL (bits/dim)· 2018-02-15
Image Transformer
#7Pixel CNN ++SOTA
2.92
NLL (bits/dim)· 2017-01-19
PixelCNN++: Improving the PixelCNN with Discretized Logistic Mixture Likelihood and Other Modifications Code
#8score SDE
2.99
NLL (bits/dim)· 2020-11-26
Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations Code
#9Flow matching
2.99
NLL (bits/dim)· 2022-10-06
Flow Matching for Generative Modeling Code
#10Pixel CNNSOTA
3.03
NLL (bits/dim)· 2016-06-16
Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decoders Code
#11RNODE
3.38
NLL (bits/dim)· 2020-02-07
How to train your neural ODE: the world of Jacobian and kinetic regularization Code
#12FFJORD
3.4
NLL (bits/dim)· 2018-10-02
FFJORD: Free-form Continuous Dynamics for Scalable Reversible Generative Models Code
#13MRCNF
3.54
NLL (bits/dim)· 2021-06-15
Multi-Resolution Continuous Normalizing Flows Code
#14DDPM
3.69
NLL (bits/dim)· 2020-06-19
Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models Code