Muhammad Maaz, Hanoona Rasheed, Salman Khan, Fahad Shahbaz Khan, Rao Muhammad Anwer, Ming-Hsuan Yang
What constitutes an object? This has been a long-standing question in computer vision. Towards this goal, numerous learning-free and learning-based approaches have been developed to score objectness. However, they generally do not scale well across new domains and novel objects. In this paper, we advocate that existing methods lack a top-down supervision signal governed by human-understandable semantics. For the first time in literature, we demonstrate that Multi-modal Vision Transformers (MViT) trained with aligned image-text pairs can effectively bridge this gap. Our extensive experiments across various domains and novel objects show the state-of-the-art performance of MViTs to localize generic objects in images. Based on the observation that existing MViTs do not include multi-scale feature processing and usually require longer training schedules, we develop an efficient MViT architecture using multi-scale deformable attention and late vision-language fusion. We show the significance of MViT proposals in a diverse range of applications including open-world object detection, salient and camouflage object detection, supervised and self-supervised detection tasks. Further, MViTs can adaptively generate proposals given a specific language query and thus offer enhanced interactability. Code: \url{https://git.io/J1HPY}.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP | 58.78 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP50 | 80.46 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP75 | 65.65 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | AP50 | 84.16 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Electronic, Indoor, Kitchen, Furniture) | MAP | 31.66 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | A-OSE | 4117 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | MAP | 36.75 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | Unknown Recall | 50.89 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | WI | 0.0179 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | A-OSE | 5212 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | MAP | 46.19 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | Unknown Recall | 49.54 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | WI | 0.0251 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | A-OSE | 7322 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | MAP | 64.03 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | Unknown Recall | 50.13 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | WI | 0.0474 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2012, 60 proposals per image | Average Recall | 0.9126 | MDef-DETR |
| Object Detection | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Average Recall | 0.6503 | MDef-DETR (Off-the-shelf evaluation) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP | 58.78 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP50 | 80.46 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP75 | 65.65 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 2007 | AP50 | 84.16 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Electronic, Indoor, Kitchen, Furniture) | MAP | 31.66 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | A-OSE | 4117 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | MAP | 36.75 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | Unknown Recall | 50.89 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | WI | 0.0179 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | A-OSE | 5212 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | MAP | 46.19 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | Unknown Recall | 49.54 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | WI | 0.0251 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 2007 | A-OSE | 7322 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 2007 | MAP | 64.03 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 2007 | Unknown Recall | 50.13 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 2007 | WI | 0.0474 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 3D | PASCAL VOC 2012, 60 proposals per image | Average Recall | 0.9126 | MDef-DETR |
| 3D | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Average Recall | 0.6503 | MDef-DETR (Off-the-shelf evaluation) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP | 58.78 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP50 | 80.46 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP75 | 65.65 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 2007 | AP50 | 84.16 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Electronic, Indoor, Kitchen, Furniture) | MAP | 31.66 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | A-OSE | 4117 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | MAP | 36.75 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | Unknown Recall | 50.89 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | WI | 0.0179 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | A-OSE | 5212 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | MAP | 46.19 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | Unknown Recall | 49.54 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | WI | 0.0251 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 2007 | A-OSE | 7322 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 2007 | MAP | 64.03 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 2007 | Unknown Recall | 50.13 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 2007 | WI | 0.0474 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Classification | PASCAL VOC 2012, 60 proposals per image | Average Recall | 0.9126 | MDef-DETR |
| 2D Classification | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Average Recall | 0.6503 | MDef-DETR (Off-the-shelf evaluation) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP | 58.78 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP50 | 80.46 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP75 | 65.65 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | AP50 | 84.16 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Electronic, Indoor, Kitchen, Furniture) | MAP | 31.66 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | A-OSE | 4117 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | MAP | 36.75 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | Unknown Recall | 50.89 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | WI | 0.0179 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | A-OSE | 5212 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | MAP | 46.19 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | Unknown Recall | 49.54 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | WI | 0.0251 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | A-OSE | 7322 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | MAP | 64.03 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | Unknown Recall | 50.13 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2007 | WI | 0.0474 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 2D Object Detection | PASCAL VOC 2012, 60 proposals per image | Average Recall | 0.9126 | MDef-DETR |
| 2D Object Detection | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Average Recall | 0.6503 | MDef-DETR (Off-the-shelf evaluation) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP | 58.78 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP50 | 80.46 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 10% | AP75 | 65.65 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 2007 | AP50 | 84.16 | DETReg (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Electronic, Indoor, Kitchen, Furniture) | MAP | 31.66 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | A-OSE | 4117 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | MAP | 36.75 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | Unknown Recall | 50.89 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Sports, Food) | WI | 0.0179 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | A-OSE | 5212 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | MAP | 46.19 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | Unknown Recall | 49.54 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | COCO 2017 (Outdoor, Accessories, Appliance, Truck) | WI | 0.0251 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 2007 | A-OSE | 7322 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 2007 | MAP | 64.03 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 2007 | Unknown Recall | 50.13 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 2007 | WI | 0.0474 | ORE (MDef-DETR) |
| 16k | PASCAL VOC 2012, 60 proposals per image | Average Recall | 0.9126 | MDef-DETR |
| 16k | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Average Recall | 0.6503 | MDef-DETR (Off-the-shelf evaluation) |