Image Clustering on CIFAR-100

Metric: NMI (higher is better)

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#	Model↕	NMI▼	Extra Data	Paper	Date↕	Code
1	TURTLE (CLIP + DINOv2)	0.915	No	Let Go of Your Labels with Unsupervised Transfer	2024-06-11	Code
2	PRCut (DinoV2)	0.856	No	-	-	Code
3	PRO-DSC	0.824	Yes	Exploring a Principled Framework for Deep Subspa...	2025-03-21	Code
4	TEMI CLIP ViT-L (openai)	0.799	Yes	Exploring the Limits of Deep Image Clustering us...	2023-03-31	Code
5	ITAE	0.771	Yes	Improving Image Clustering with Artifacts Attenu...	2024-10-07	-
6	TEMI DINO ViT-B	0.769	Yes	Exploring the Limits of Deep Image Clustering us...	2023-03-31	Code
7	SPICE*	0.583	No	SPICE: Semantic Pseudo-labeling for Image Cluste...	2021-03-17	Code
8	SPICE-BPA	0.56	No	The Balanced-Pairwise-Affinities Feature Transform	2024-06-25	Code
9	DPAC	0.542	No	Deep Online Probability Aggregation Clustering	2024-07-07	Code
10	TCL	0.529	No	Twin Contrastive Learning for Online Clustering	2022-10-21	Code
11	IMC-SwAV (Best)	0.527	No	Information Maximization Clustering via Multi-Vi...	2021-03-12	Code
12	IMC-SwAV (Avg+-)	0.503	No	Information Maximization Clustering via Multi-Vi...	2021-03-12	Code
13	SCAN	0.486	No	SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labels	2020-05-25	Code
14	ConCURL	0.468	No	Representation Learning for Clustering via Build...	2021-05-04	Code
15	SCAN (Avg)	0.468	No	SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labels	2020-05-25	Code
16	CoHiClust	0.467	No	Contrastive Hierarchical Clustering	2023-03-03	Code
17	C3	0.434	No	C3: Cross-instance guided Contrastive Clustering	2022-11-14	Code
18	CC	0.431	No	Contrastive Clustering	2020-09-21	Code
19	IDFD	0.426	No	Clustering-friendly Representation Learning via ...	2021-05-31	Code
20	MMDC	0.418	No	Multi-Modal Deep Clustering: Unsupervised Partit...	2019-12-05	Code
21	DCCM	0.285	Yes	Deep Comprehensive Correlation Mining for Image ...	2019-04-15	Code
22	DAC	0.185	Yes	-	-	Code
23	DEC	0.136	Yes	Unsupervised Deep Embedding for Clustering Analy...	2015-11-19	Code
24	GAN	0.12	Yes	Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep C...	2015-11-19	Code
25	VAE	0.108	Yes	Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes	2013-12-20	Code
26	JULE	0.103	Yes	Joint Unsupervised Learning of Deep Representati...	2016-04-13	Code

#1TURTLE (CLIP + DINOv2)SOTA
0.915
NMI· 2024-06-11
Let Go of Your Labels with Unsupervised Transfer Code
#2PRCut (DinoV2)
0.856
NMI
No paperCode
#3PRO-DSC
0.824
NMI· Extra Data· 2025-03-21
Exploring a Principled Framework for Deep Subspace Clustering Code
#4TEMI CLIP ViT-L (openai)SOTA
0.799
NMI· Extra Data· 2023-03-31
Exploring the Limits of Deep Image Clustering using Pretrained Models Code
#5ITAE
0.771
NMI· Extra Data· 2024-10-07
Improving Image Clustering with Artifacts Attenuation via Inference-Time Attention Engineering
#6TEMI DINO ViT-B
0.769
NMI· Extra Data· 2023-03-31
Exploring the Limits of Deep Image Clustering using Pretrained Models Code
#7SPICE*SOTA
0.583
NMI· 2021-03-17
SPICE: Semantic Pseudo-labeling for Image Clustering Code
#8SPICE-BPA
0.56
NMI· 2024-06-25
The Balanced-Pairwise-Affinities Feature Transform Code
#9DPAC
0.542
NMI· 2024-07-07
Deep Online Probability Aggregation Clustering Code
#10TCL
0.529
NMI· 2022-10-21
Twin Contrastive Learning for Online Clustering Code
#11IMC-SwAV (Best)SOTA
0.527
NMI· 2021-03-12
Information Maximization Clustering via Multi-View Self-Labelling Code
#12IMC-SwAV (Avg+-)
0.503
NMI· 2021-03-12
Information Maximization Clustering via Multi-View Self-Labelling Code
#13SCANSOTA
0.486
NMI· 2020-05-25
SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labels Code
#14ConCURL
0.468
NMI· 2021-05-04
Representation Learning for Clustering via Building Consensus Code
#15SCAN (Avg)
0.468
NMI· 2020-05-25
SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labels Code
#16CoHiClust
0.467
NMI· 2023-03-03
Contrastive Hierarchical Clustering Code
#17C3
0.434
NMI· 2022-11-14
C3: Cross-instance guided Contrastive Clustering Code
#18CC
0.431
NMI· 2020-09-21
Contrastive Clustering Code
#19IDFD
0.426
NMI· 2021-05-31
Clustering-friendly Representation Learning via Instance Discrimination and Feature Decorrelation Code
#20MMDCSOTA
0.418
NMI· 2019-12-05
Multi-Modal Deep Clustering: Unsupervised Partitioning of Images Code
#21DCCMSOTA
0.285
NMI· Extra Data· 2019-04-15
Deep Comprehensive Correlation Mining for Image Clustering Code
#22DAC
0.185
NMI· Extra Data
No paperCode
#23DECSOTA
0.136
NMI· Extra Data· 2015-11-19
Unsupervised Deep Embedding for Clustering Analysis Code
#24GAN
0.12
NMI· Extra Data· 2015-11-19
Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks Code
#25VAESOTA
0.108
NMI· Extra Data· 2013-12-20
Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes Code
#26JULE
0.103
NMI· Extra Data· 2016-04-13
Joint Unsupervised Learning of Deep Representations and Image Clusters Code