Yu Deng, Jiaolong Yang, Sicheng Xu, Dong Chen, Yunde Jia, Xin Tong
Recently, deep learning based 3D face reconstruction methods have shown promising results in both quality and efficiency.However, training deep neural networks typically requires a large volume of data, whereas face images with ground-truth 3D face shapes are scarce. In this paper, we propose a novel deep 3D face reconstruction approach that 1) leverages a robust, hybrid loss function for weakly-supervised learning which takes into account both low-level and perception-level information for supervision, and 2) performs multi-image face reconstruction by exploiting complementary information from different images for shape aggregation. Our method is fast, accurate, and robust to occlusion and large pose. We provide comprehensive experiments on three datasets, systematically comparing our method with fifteen recent methods and demonstrating its state-of-the-art performance.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.6 | Deng |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.61 | Deng |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | Florence | RMSE Outdoor | 1.69 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | REALY | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.41 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.11 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.21 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.54 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.23 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.29 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| Facial Recognition and Modelling | REALY (side-view) | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.6 | Deng |
| Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.61 | Deng |
| Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Outdoor | 1.69 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| Face Reconstruction | REALY | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.41 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.11 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.21 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.54 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.23 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.29 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| Face Reconstruction | REALY (side-view) | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| 3D | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.6 | Deng |
| 3D | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.61 | Deng |
| 3D | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D | Florence | RMSE Outdoor | 1.69 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D | REALY | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| 3D | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.41 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.11 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.21 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.54 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.23 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.29 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D | REALY (side-view) | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| 3D Face Modelling | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.6 | Deng |
| 3D Face Modelling | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.61 | Deng |
| 3D Face Modelling | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D Face Modelling | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D Face Modelling | Florence | RMSE Outdoor | 1.69 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D Face Modelling | REALY | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| 3D Face Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.41 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D Face Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.11 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D Face Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.21 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D Face Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.54 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D Face Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.23 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D Face Modelling | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.29 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D Face Modelling | REALY (side-view) | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.6 | Deng |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.61 | Deng |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Cooperative | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Indoor | 1.66 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | Florence | RMSE Outdoor | 1.69 | Deep3DFaceReconstruction |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | REALY | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.41 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.11 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.21 | Deep3DFaceRecon PyTorch |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Mean Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.54 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Median Reconstruction Error | 1.23 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | NoW Benchmark | Stdev Reconstruction Error (mm) | 1.29 | Deng et al. 2019 |
| 3D Face Reconstruction | REALY (side-view) | all | 1.657 | Deep3D |