Paul Voigtlaender, Yuning Chai, Florian Schroff, Hartwig Adam, Bastian Leibe, Liang-Chieh Chen
Many of the recent successful methods for video object segmentation (VOS) are overly complicated, heavily rely on fine-tuning on the first frame, and/or are slow, and are hence of limited practical use. In this work, we propose FEELVOS as a simple and fast method which does not rely on fine-tuning. In order to segment a video, for each frame FEELVOS uses a semantic pixel-wise embedding together with a global and a local matching mechanism to transfer information from the first frame and from the previous frame of the video to the current frame. In contrast to previous work, our embedding is only used as an internal guidance of a convolutional network. Our novel dynamic segmentation head allows us to train the network, including the embedding, end-to-end for the multiple object segmentation task with a cross entropy loss. We achieve a new state of the art in video object segmentation without fine-tuning with a J&F measure of 71.5% on the DAVIS 2017 validation set. We make our code and models available at https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/research/feelvos.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Video | YouTube | mIoU | 0.821 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Decay) | 20.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Mean) | 74 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Recall) | 83.8 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 | J&F | 71.55 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Decay) | 17.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Mean) | 69.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Recall) | 79.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Decay) | 14.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Mean) | 82.2 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Recall) | 86.6 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 81.65 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Decay) | 13.7 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Mean) | 81.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Recall) | 90.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Decay) | 33.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Mean) | 60.9 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Recall) | 68.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | J&F | 57.8 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Decay) | 29.8 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Mean) | 55.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Recall) | 62.6 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (F) | 83.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (G) | 81.7 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (J) | 80.3 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (F) | 57.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (G) | 54.4 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (J) | 51.2 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (F) | 72.3 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (G) | 69.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (J) | 65.9 | FEELVOS |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | FPS | 2.22 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube | mIoU | 0.821 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Decay) | 20.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Mean) | 74 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Recall) | 83.8 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | J&F | 71.55 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Decay) | 17.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Mean) | 69.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Recall) | 79.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Decay) | 14.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Mean) | 82.2 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Recall) | 86.6 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 81.65 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Decay) | 13.7 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Mean) | 81.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Recall) | 90.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Decay) | 33.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Mean) | 60.9 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Recall) | 68.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | J&F | 57.8 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Decay) | 29.8 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Mean) | 55.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Recall) | 62.6 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (F) | 83.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (G) | 81.7 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (J) | 80.3 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (F) | 57.5 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (G) | 54.4 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (J) | 51.2 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (F) | 72.3 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (G) | 69.1 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (J) | 65.9 | FEELVOS |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | FPS | 2.22 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Decay) | 20.1 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Mean) | 74 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | F-measure (Recall) | 83.8 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | J&F | 71.55 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Decay) | 17.5 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Mean) | 69.1 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 | Jaccard (Recall) | 79.1 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Decay) | 14.1 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Mean) | 82.2 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Recall) | 86.6 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 81.65 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Decay) | 13.7 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Mean) | 81.1 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Recall) | 90.5 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Decay) | 33.5 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Mean) | 60.9 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Recall) | 68.5 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | J&F | 57.8 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Decay) | 29.8 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Mean) | 55.1 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Recall) | 62.6 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (F) | 83.1 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (G) | 81.7 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (J) | 80.3 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (F) | 57.5 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (G) | 54.4 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 test (J) | 51.2 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (F) | 72.3 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (G) | 69.1 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (J) | 65.9 | FEELVOS |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | FPS | 2.22 | FEELVOS |