Alik Pramanick, Utsav Bheda, Arijit Sur
Recently, transformers have captured significant interest in the area of single-image super-resolution tasks, demonstrating substantial gains in performance. Current models heavily depend on the network's extensive ability to extract high-level semantic details from images while overlooking the effective utilization of multi-scale image details and intermediate information within the network. Furthermore, it has been observed that high-frequency areas in images present significant complexity for super-resolution compared to low-frequency areas. This work proposes a transformer-based super-resolution architecture called ML-CrAIST that addresses this gap by utilizing low-high frequency information in multiple scales. Unlike most of the previous work (either spatial or channel), we operate spatial and channel self-attention, which concurrently model pixel interaction from both spatial and channel dimensions, exploiting the inherent correlations across spatial and channel axis. Further, we devise a cross-attention block for super-resolution, which explores the correlations between low and high-frequency information. Quantitative and qualitative assessments indicate that our proposed ML-CrAIST surpasses state-of-the-art super-resolution methods (e.g., 0.15 dB gain @Manga109 $\times$4). Code is available on: https://github.com/Alik033/ML-CrAIST.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | #params (K) | 1268 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 84.1 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | #params (K) | 749 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 49.6 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 30.39 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8488 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 30.23 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8474 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | #params (K) | 1280 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 42.9 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | #params (K) | 758 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 25.5 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 32.36 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8984 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 32.15 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8962 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.77 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.922 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.64 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9213 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 28.53 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7895 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 28.4 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7863 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.7 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9302 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.58 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9294 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | #params (K) | 1259 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 165.7 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | #params (K) | 743 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 97.2 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9022 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 32.36 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.902 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 31.17 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9176 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 31.11 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9162 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.04 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.937 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 32.93 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9361 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.42 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9501 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.26 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9492 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 27.78 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7446 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 27.73 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 38.19 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9617 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 38.15 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9615 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 39.26 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9786 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 39.23 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9785 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8111 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 29.28 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8106 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 26.68 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8057 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 26.53 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8019 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 28.89 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8676 | ML-CrAIST |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 28.73 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8651 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | #params (K) | 1268 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 84.1 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | #params (K) | 749 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 49.6 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 30.39 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8488 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 30.23 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8474 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | #params (K) | 1280 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 42.9 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | #params (K) | 758 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 25.5 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 32.36 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8984 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 32.15 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8962 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.77 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.922 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.64 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9213 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 28.53 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7895 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 28.4 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7863 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.7 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9302 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.58 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9294 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | #params (K) | 1259 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 165.7 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | #params (K) | 743 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 97.2 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9022 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 32.36 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.902 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 31.17 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9176 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 31.11 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9162 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.04 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.937 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 32.93 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9361 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.42 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9501 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.26 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9492 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 27.78 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7446 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 27.73 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 38.19 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9617 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 38.15 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9615 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 39.26 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9786 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 39.23 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9785 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8111 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 29.28 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8106 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 26.68 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8057 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 26.53 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8019 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 28.89 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8676 | ML-CrAIST |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 28.73 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| Image Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8651 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | #params (K) | 1268 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 84.1 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | #params (K) | 749 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 3x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 49.6 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 30.39 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8488 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 30.23 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8474 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | #params (K) | 1280 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 42.9 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | #params (K) | 758 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 4x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 25.5 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 32.36 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8984 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 32.15 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8962 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.77 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.922 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.64 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9213 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 28.53 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7895 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 28.4 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set14 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7863 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.7 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9302 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.58 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9294 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | #params (K) | 1259 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 165.7 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | #params (K) | 743 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | 2x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 97.2 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9022 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 32.36 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.902 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 31.17 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9176 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 31.11 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9162 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.04 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.937 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 32.93 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9361 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.42 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9501 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.26 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9492 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 27.78 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7446 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 27.73 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 38.19 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9617 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 38.15 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Set5 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9615 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 39.26 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9786 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 39.23 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9785 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8111 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 29.28 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | B100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8106 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 26.68 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8057 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 26.53 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8019 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 28.89 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8676 | ML-CrAIST |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 28.73 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 3D Object Super-Resolution | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8651 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | 3x upscaling | #params (K) | 1268 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | 3x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 84.1 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | 3x upscaling | #params (K) | 749 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | 3x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 49.6 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set14 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 30.39 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set14 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8488 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set14 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 30.23 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set14 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8474 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | 4x upscaling | #params (K) | 1280 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | 4x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 42.9 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | 4x upscaling | #params (K) | 758 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | 4x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 25.5 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set5 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 32.36 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set5 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8984 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set5 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 32.15 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set5 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8962 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set14 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.77 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set14 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.922 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set14 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.64 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set14 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9213 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set14 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 28.53 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set14 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7895 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set14 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 28.4 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set14 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7863 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set5 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.7 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set5 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9302 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set5 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.58 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set5 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9294 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | 2x upscaling | #params (K) | 1259 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | 2x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 165.7 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | 2x upscaling | #params (K) | 743 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | 2x upscaling | FLOPs(G) | 97.2 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | B100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9022 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | B100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 32.36 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | B100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.902 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 31.17 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9176 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 31.11 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Manga109 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9162 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 33.04 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.937 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 32.93 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Urban100 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9361 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.42 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9501 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 34.26 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Manga109 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9492 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | B100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 27.78 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | B100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.7446 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | B100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 27.73 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set5 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 38.19 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set5 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9617 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Set5 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 38.15 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Set5 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9615 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 39.26 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9786 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | PSNR | 39.23 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Manga109 - 2x upscaling | SSIM | 0.9785 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | B100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8111 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | B100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 29.28 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | B100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8106 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 26.68 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8057 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | PSNR | 26.53 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Urban100 - 4x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8019 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 28.89 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8676 | ML-CrAIST |
| 16k | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | PSNR | 28.73 | ML-CrAIST-Li |
| 16k | Urban100 - 3x upscaling | SSIM | 0.8651 | ML-CrAIST-Li |