Zhe Chen, Jiannan Wu, Wenhai Wang, Weijie Su, Guo Chen, Sen Xing, Muyan Zhong, Qinglong Zhang, Xizhou Zhu, Lewei Lu, Bin Li, Ping Luo, Tong Lu, Yu Qiao, Jifeng Dai
The exponential growth of large language models (LLMs) has opened up numerous possibilities for multimodal AGI systems. However, the progress in vision and vision-language foundation models, which are also critical elements of multi-modal AGI, has not kept pace with LLMs. In this work, we design a large-scale vision-language foundation model (InternVL), which scales up the vision foundation model to 6 billion parameters and progressively aligns it with the LLM, using web-scale image-text data from various sources. This model can be broadly applied to and achieve state-of-the-art performance on 32 generic visual-linguistic benchmarks including visual perception tasks such as image-level or pixel-level recognition, vision-language tasks such as zero-shot image/video classification, zero-shot image/video-text retrieval, and link with LLMs to create multi-modal dialogue systems. It has powerful visual capabilities and can be a good alternative to the ViT-22B. We hope that our research could contribute to the development of multi-modal large models. Code and models are available at https://github.com/OpenGVLab/InternVL.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual Question Answering (VQA) | VQA v2 test-dev | Accuracy | 81.2 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval | Flickr30k-CN | R@1 | 85.9 | InternVL-G-FT |
| Image Retrieval | Flickr30k-CN | R@10 | 97.1 | InternVL-G-FT |
| Image Retrieval | Flickr30k-CN | R@5 | 98.7 | InternVL-G-FT |
| Image Retrieval | Flickr30k-CN | R@1 | 85.2 | InternVL-C-FT |
| Image Retrieval | Flickr30k-CN | R@10 | 97 | InternVL-C-FT |
| Image Retrieval | Flickr30k-CN | R@5 | 98.5 | InternVL-C-FT |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Image-to-text R@1 | 95.7 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Image-to-text R@10 | 99.9 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Image-to-text R@5 | 99.7 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Text-to-image R@1 | 85 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Text-to-image R@10 | 98.6 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Text-to-image R@5 | 97 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Image-to-text R@1 | 94.7 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Image-to-text R@10 | 99.9 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Image-to-text R@5 | 99.6 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Text-to-image R@1 | 81.7 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Text-to-image R@10 | 98.2 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | Flickr30k | Text-to-image R@5 | 96 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Image-to-text R@1 | 74.9 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Image-to-text R@10 | 95.2 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Image-to-text R@5 | 91.3 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@1 | 58.6 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@10 | 88 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@5 | 81.3 | InternVL-G |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Image-to-text R@1 | 70.6 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Image-to-text R@10 | 93.5 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Image-to-text R@5 | 89 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@1 | 54.1 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@10 | 84.6 | InternVL-C |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@5 | 77.3 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Transfer Image Classification | ImageNet V2 | Accuracy (Private) | 77.3 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Transfer Image Classification | ImageNet-A | Accuracy (Private) | 83.8 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Transfer Image Classification | ImageNet | Accuracy (Private) | 83.2 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Transfer Image Classification | CN-ImageNet | Accuracy (Private) | 64.5 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Transfer Image Classification | Food-101 | Top 1 Accuracy | 95.3 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Transfer Image Classification | ObjectNet | Accuracy (Private) | 80.6 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Transfer Image Classification | ImageNet-Sketch | Accuracy (Private) | 73.9 | InternVL-C |
| Image-to-Text Retrieval | Flickr30k | Recall@1 | 97.9 | InternVL-G-FT (finetuned, w/o ranking) |
| Image-to-Text Retrieval | Flickr30k | Recall@10 | 100 | InternVL-G-FT (finetuned, w/o ranking) |
| Image-to-Text Retrieval | Flickr30k | Recall@5 | 100 | InternVL-G-FT (finetuned, w/o ranking) |
| Image-to-Text Retrieval | Flickr30k | Recall@1 | 97.2 | InternVL-C-FT (finetuned, w/o ranking) |
| Image-to-Text Retrieval | Flickr30k | Recall@10 | 100 | InternVL-C-FT (finetuned, w/o ranking) |
| Image-to-Text Retrieval | Flickr30k | Recall@5 | 100 | InternVL-C-FT (finetuned, w/o ranking) |
| MMR total | MRR-Benchmark | Total Column Score | 368 | InternVL2-8B |
| MMR total | MRR-Benchmark | Total Column Score | 237 | InternVL2-1B |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | text-to-video R@1 | 46.3 | InternVL-G |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | text-to-video R@10 | 79.6 | InternVL-G |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | text-to-video R@5 | 70.5 | InternVL-G |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | video-to-text R@1 | 42.4 | InternVL-G |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | video-to-text R@10 | 75.4 | InternVL-G |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | video-to-text R@5 | 65.9 | InternVL-G |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | text-to-video R@1 | 44.7 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | text-to-video R@10 | 78.4 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | text-to-video R@5 | 68.2 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | video-to-text R@1 | 40.2 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | video-to-text R@10 | 74.1 | InternVL-C |
| Zero-Shot Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT-full | video-to-text R@5 | 63.1 | InternVL-C |