Jing Liu, Sihan Chen, Xingjian He, Longteng Guo, Xinxin Zhu, Weining Wang, Jinhui Tang
In this paper, we propose a Vision-Audio-Language Omni-peRception pretraining model (VALOR) for multi-modal understanding and generation. Different from widely-studied vision-language pretraining models, VALOR jointly models relationships of vision, audio and language in an end-to-end manner. It contains three separate encoders for single modality representations, and a decoder for multimodal conditional text generation. We design two pretext tasks to pretrain VALOR model, including Multimodal Grouping Alignment (MGA) and Multimodal Grouping Captioning (MGC). MGA projects vision, language and audio to the same common space, building vision-language, audio-language and audiovisual-language alignment simultaneously. MGC learns how to generate text tokens in conditions of vision, audio or their both. To promote vision-audio-language pretraining research, we construct a large-scale high-quality tri-modality dataset named VALOR-1M, which contains 1M audiable videos with human annotated audiovisual captions. Extensive experiments show that VALOR can learn strong multimodal correlations and be generalized to various downstream tasks (e.g., retrieval, captioning and question answering), with different input modalities (e.g., vision-language, audio-language and audiovisual-language). VALOR achieves new state-of-the-art performances on series of public cross-modality benchmarks. Code and data are available at project page https://casia-iva-group.github.io/projects/VALOR.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Video | VATEX | text-to-video R@1 | 78.5 | VALOR |
| Video | VATEX | text-to-video R@10 | 98.7 | VALOR |
| Video | VATEX | text-to-video R@5 | 97.1 | VALOR |
| Video | ActivityNet | text-to-video R@1 | 70.1 | VALOR |
| Video | ActivityNet | text-to-video R@10 | 95.3 | VALOR |
| Video | ActivityNet | text-to-video R@5 | 90.8 | VALOR |
| Video | DiDeMo | text-to-video R@1 | 61.5 | VALOR |
| Video | DiDeMo | text-to-video R@10 | 90.4 | VALOR |
| Video | DiDeMo | text-to-video R@5 | 85.3 | VALOR |
| Video | MSR-VTT | text-to-video R@1 | 59.9 | VALOR |
| Video | MSR-VTT | text-to-video R@10 | 89.6 | VALOR |
| Video | MSR-VTT | text-to-video R@5 | 83.5 | VALOR |
| Video | LSMDC | text-to-video R@1 | 34.2 | VALOR |
| Video | LSMDC | text-to-video R@10 | 64.1 | VALOR |
| Video | LSMDC | text-to-video R@5 | 56 | VALOR |
| Visual Question Answering (VQA) | MSVD-QA | Accuracy | 0.6 | VALOR |
| Visual Question Answering (VQA) | VQA v2 test-dev | Accuracy | 78.46 | VALOR |
| Visual Question Answering (VQA) | VQA v2 test-std | overall | 78.62 | VALOR |
| Video Question Answering | ActivityNet-QA | Accuracy | 48.6 | VALOR |
| Video Question Answering | MSRVTT-QA | Accuracy | 49.2 | VALOR |
| Image Captioning | COCO Captions | CIDER | 152.5 | VALOR |
| Image Captioning | COCO Captions | SPICE | 25.7 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | MSR-VTT | BLEU-4 | 54.4 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | MSR-VTT | CIDEr | 74 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | MSR-VTT | METEOR | 32.9 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | MSR-VTT | ROUGE-L | 68 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | VATEX | BLEU-4 | 45.6 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | VATEX | CIDEr | 95.8 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | VATEX | METEOR | 29.4 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | VATEX | ROUGE-L | 57.4 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | MSVD | BLEU-4 | 80.7 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | MSVD | CIDEr | 178.5 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | MSVD | METEOR | 51 | VALOR |
| Video Captioning | MSVD | ROUGE-L | 87.9 | VALOR |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@1 | 61.4 | VALOR |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@10 | 90.9 | VALOR |
| Image Retrieval with Multi-Modal Query | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@5 | 84.4 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | VATEX | text-to-video R@1 | 78.5 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | VATEX | text-to-video R@10 | 98.7 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | VATEX | text-to-video R@5 | 97.1 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | ActivityNet | text-to-video R@1 | 70.1 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | ActivityNet | text-to-video R@10 | 95.3 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | ActivityNet | text-to-video R@5 | 90.8 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | DiDeMo | text-to-video R@1 | 61.5 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | DiDeMo | text-to-video R@10 | 90.4 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | DiDeMo | text-to-video R@5 | 85.3 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT | text-to-video R@1 | 59.9 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT | text-to-video R@10 | 89.6 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | MSR-VTT | text-to-video R@5 | 83.5 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | LSMDC | text-to-video R@1 | 34.2 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | LSMDC | text-to-video R@10 | 64.1 | VALOR |
| Video Retrieval | LSMDC | text-to-video R@5 | 56 | VALOR |
| Audio captioning | Clotho | BLEU-4 | 16.2 | VALOR |
| Audio captioning | Clotho | CIDEr | 0.423 | VALOR |
| Audio captioning | Clotho | METEOR | 17.4 | VALOR |
| Audio captioning | Clotho | ROUGE-L | 38.2 | VALOR |
| Audio captioning | AudioCaps | BLEU-4 | 0.27 | VALOR |
| Audio captioning | AudioCaps | CIDEr | 0.741 | VALOR |
| Audio captioning | AudioCaps | METEOR | 0.231 | VALOR |
| Audio captioning | AudioCaps | ROUGE-L | 0.494 | VALOR |
| Cross-Modal Information Retrieval | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@1 | 61.4 | VALOR |
| Cross-Modal Information Retrieval | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@10 | 90.9 | VALOR |
| Cross-Modal Information Retrieval | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@5 | 84.4 | VALOR |
| Cross-Modal Retrieval | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@1 | 61.4 | VALOR |
| Cross-Modal Retrieval | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@10 | 90.9 | VALOR |
| Cross-Modal Retrieval | COCO 2014 | Text-to-image R@5 | 84.4 | VALOR |
| Text to Audio Retrieval | AudioCaps | R@1 | 40.1 | VALOR |
| Text to Audio Retrieval | AudioCaps | R@10 | 83.1 | VALOR |
| Text to Audio Retrieval | AudioCaps | R@5 | 73.9 | VALOR |
| Text to Audio Retrieval | Clotho | R@1 | 17.5 | VALOR |
| Text to Audio Retrieval | Clotho | R@10 | 55.3 | VALOR |
| Text to Audio Retrieval | Clotho | R@5 | 42.7 | VALOR |
| Audio-visual Question Answering | MUSIC-AVQA | Acc | 78.9 | VALOR |