Alberto Baldrati, Lorenzo Agnolucci, Marco Bertini, Alberto del Bimbo
Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve a target image based on a query composed of a reference image and a relative caption that describes the difference between the two images. The high effort and cost required for labeling datasets for CIR hamper the widespread usage of existing methods, as they rely on supervised learning. In this work, we propose a new task, Zero-Shot CIR (ZS-CIR), that aims to address CIR without requiring a labeled training dataset. Our approach, named zero-Shot composEd imAge Retrieval with textuaL invErsion (SEARLE), maps the visual features of the reference image into a pseudo-word token in CLIP token embedding space and integrates it with the relative caption. To support research on ZS-CIR, we introduce an open-domain benchmarking dataset named Composed Image Retrieval on Common Objects in context (CIRCO), which is the first dataset for CIR containing multiple ground truths for each query. The experiments show that SEARLE exhibits better performance than the baselines on the two main datasets for CIR tasks, FashionIQ and CIRR, and on the proposed CIRCO. The dataset, the code and the model are publicly available at https://github.com/miccunifi/SEARLE.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image Retrieval | GeneCIS | A-R@1 | 14.4 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | GeneCIS | A-R@1 | 14.4 | SEARLE (CLIP L/14) |
| Image Retrieval | Fashion IQ | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 37.76 | SEARLE-XL-OTI (CLIP L/14) |
| Image Retrieval | Fashion IQ | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 35.9 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Image Retrieval | Fashion IQ | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 32.71 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | Fashion IQ | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 32.39 | SEARLE-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | ImageNet | Average Recall | 21.54 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Image Retrieval | ImageNet | Average Recall | 20.42 | SEARLE-XL-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | ImageNet | Average Recall | 12.77 | SEARLE-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | ImageNet | Average Recall | 11.94 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | CIRCO | mAP@10 | 12.73 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Image Retrieval | CIRCO | mAP@10 | 9.94 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Actions Recall@5 | 31.43 | SEARLE-XL-OTI (CLIP L/14) |
| Image Retrieval | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Actions Recall@5 | 29.02 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Image Retrieval | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Actions Recall@5 | 26 | SEARLE-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Actions Recall@5 | 24.58 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | FashionIQ | R@10 | 27.61 | SEARLE-XL-OTI |
| Image Retrieval | ImageNet-R | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 21.54 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Image Retrieval | ImageNet-R | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 20.42 | SEARLE-XL-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | ImageNet-R | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 12.77 | SEARLE-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | ImageNet-R | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 11.94 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Image Retrieval | CIRR | R@5 | 53.42 | SEARLE |
| Image Retrieval | CIRR | R@5 | 52.48 | SEARLE-XL |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | GeneCIS | A-R@1 | 14.4 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | GeneCIS | A-R@1 | 14.4 | SEARLE (CLIP L/14) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | Fashion IQ | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 37.76 | SEARLE-XL-OTI (CLIP L/14) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | Fashion IQ | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 35.9 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | Fashion IQ | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 32.71 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | Fashion IQ | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 32.39 | SEARLE-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | ImageNet | Average Recall | 21.54 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | ImageNet | Average Recall | 20.42 | SEARLE-XL-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | ImageNet | Average Recall | 12.77 | SEARLE-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | ImageNet | Average Recall | 11.94 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | CIRCO | mAP@10 | 12.73 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | CIRCO | mAP@10 | 9.94 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Actions Recall@5 | 31.43 | SEARLE-XL-OTI (CLIP L/14) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Actions Recall@5 | 29.02 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Actions Recall@5 | 26 | SEARLE-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | COCO (Common Objects in Context) | Actions Recall@5 | 24.58 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | FashionIQ | R@10 | 27.61 | SEARLE-XL-OTI |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | ImageNet-R | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 21.54 | SEARLE-XL (CLIP L/14) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | ImageNet-R | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 20.42 | SEARLE-XL-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | ImageNet-R | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 12.77 | SEARLE-OTI (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | ImageNet-R | (Recall@10+Recall@50)/2 | 11.94 | SEARLE (CLIP B/32) |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | CIRR | R@5 | 53.42 | SEARLE |
| Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) | CIRR | R@5 | 52.48 | SEARLE-XL |