TasksSotADatasetsPapersMethodsSubmitAbout
Papers With Code 2

A community resource for machine learning research: papers, code, benchmarks, and state-of-the-art results.

Explore

Notable BenchmarksAll SotADatasetsPapersMethods

Community

Submit ResultsAbout

Data sourced from the PWC Archive (CC-BY-SA 4.0). Built by the community, for the community.

Papers/Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Ne...

Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks

Thomas N. Kipf, Max Welling

2016-09-09Molecular Property PredictionNode Classification on Non-Homophilic (Heterophilic) GraphsSkeleton Based Action RecognitionHeterogeneous Node ClassificationDrug DiscoveryGraph RegressionGraph ClassificationDocument ClassificationNode ClassificationGeneral ClassificationRecommendation SystemsNode Property Prediction
PaperPDFCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCode(official)CodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCode

Abstract

We present a scalable approach for semi-supervised learning on graph-structured data that is based on an efficient variant of convolutional neural networks which operate directly on graphs. We motivate the choice of our convolutional architecture via a localized first-order approximation of spectral graph convolutions. Our model scales linearly in the number of graph edges and learns hidden layer representations that encode both local graph structure and features of nodes. In a number of experiments on citation networks and on a knowledge graph dataset we demonstrate that our approach outperforms related methods by a significant margin.

Results

TaskDatasetMetricValueModel
Graph RegressionPCQM4Mv2-LSCTest MAE0.1398GCN
Graph RegressionPCQM4Mv2-LSCValidation MAE0.1379GCN
Node ClassificationFacebookAccuracy64.6GCN_cheby (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationFacebookAccuracy57.5GCN (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationBrazil Air-TrafficAccuracy0.516GCN_cheby (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationCiteseerAccuracy70.3GCN
Node ClassificationNELLAccuracy66GCN
Node ClassificationWiki-VoteAccuracy49.5GCN_cheby (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationWiki-VoteAccuracy32.9GCN (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationPubmedAccuracy79GCN
Node ClassificationEurope Air-TrafficAccuracy46GCN_cheby (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationEurope Air-TrafficAccuracy37.1GCN (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationFlickrAccuracy0.546GCN (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationFlickrAccuracy0.479GCN_cheby (Kipf and Welling, 2017)
Node ClassificationIMDB (Heterogeneous Node Classification) Macro-F157.88GCN
Node ClassificationIMDB (Heterogeneous Node Classification)Micro-F164.82GCN
Node ClassificationFreebase (Heterogeneous Node Classification) Macro-F127.84GCN
Node ClassificationFreebase (Heterogeneous Node Classification)Micro-F160.23GCN
Node ClassificationDBLP (Heterogeneous Node Classification) Macro-F190.84GCN
Node ClassificationDBLP (Heterogeneous Node Classification)Micro-F191.47GCN
Node ClassificationACM (Heterogeneous Node Classification) Macro-F192.17GCN
Node ClassificationACM (Heterogeneous Node Classification)Micro-F192.12GCN
Link Property Predictionogbl-ddiNumber of params1421571GCN+JKNet
Link Property Predictionogbl-ddiNumber of params1289985GCN
Link Property Predictionogbl-citation2Number of params296449Full-batch GCN
Link Property Predictionogbl-collabNumber of params296449GCN (val as input)
Link Property Predictionogbl-collabNumber of params296449GCN
Link Property Predictionogbl-ppaNumber of params278529GCN
Graph Property Predictionogbg-molhivNumber of params527701GCN
Graph Property Predictionogbg-molhivNumber of params1978801GCN+virtual node
Graph Property Predictionogbg-molhivNumber of params527701GCN (in Julia)
Graph Property Predictionogbg-code2Number of params12484310GCN+virtual node
Graph Property Predictionogbg-code2Number of params11033210GCN
Graph Property Predictionogbg-ppaNumber of params1930537GCN+virtual node
Graph Property Predictionogbg-ppaNumber of params479437GCN
Graph Property Predictionogbg-molpcbaNumber of params2017028GCN+virtual node
Graph Property Predictionogbg-molpcbaNumber of params565928GCN
Node Property Predictionogbn-arxivNumber of params122542GCN+residual+6 layers
Node Property Predictionogbn-arxivNumber of params21885098GCN+residual+node2vec
Node Property Predictionogbn-arxivNumber of params155824GCN_res + 8 layers
Node Property Predictionogbn-arxivNumber of params110120GCN
Node Property Predictionogbn-productsNumber of params103727Full-batch GCN
Node Property Predictionogbn-proteinsNumber of params96880GCN

Related Papers

IP2: Entity-Guided Interest Probing for Personalized News Recommendation2025-07-18A Reproducibility Study of Product-side Fairness in Bundle Recommendation2025-07-18SGCL: Unifying Self-Supervised and Supervised Learning for Graph Recommendation2025-07-17Assay2Mol: large language model-based drug design using BioAssay context2025-07-16Similarity-Guided Diffusion for Contrastive Sequential Recommendation2025-07-16Looking for Fairness in Recommender Systems2025-07-16A Graph-in-Graph Learning Framework for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction2025-07-15Journalism-Guided Agentic In-Context Learning for News Stance Detection2025-07-15