Zongxin Yang, Yunchao Wei, Yi Yang
This paper investigates the principles of embedding learning to tackle the challenging semi-supervised video object segmentation. Unlike previous practices that focus on exploring the embedding learning of foreground object (s), we consider background should be equally treated. Thus, we propose a Collaborative video object segmentation by Foreground-Background Integration (CFBI) approach. CFBI separates the feature embedding into the foreground object region and its corresponding background region, implicitly promoting them to be more contrastive and improving the segmentation results accordingly. Moreover, CFBI performs both pixel-level matching processes and instance-level attention mechanisms between the reference and the predicted sequence, making CFBI robust to various object scales. Based on CFBI, we introduce a multi-scale matching structure and propose an Atrous Matching strategy, resulting in a more robust and efficient framework, CFBI+. We conduct extensive experiments on two popular benchmarks, i.e., DAVIS and YouTube-VOS. Without applying any simulated data for pre-training, our CFBI+ achieves the performance (J&F) of 82.9% and 82.8%, outperforming all the other state-of-the-art methods. Code: https://github.com/z-x-yang/CFBI.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2019 | Jaccard (Unseen) | 77.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Seen) | 86.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Unseen) | 85.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Seen) | 81.8 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Unseen) | 77.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Mean Jaccard & F-Measure | 82.8 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (val) | F-measure | 85.7 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (val) | Jaccard | 80.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (val) | Mean Jaccard & F-Measure | 82.9 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (val) | F-measure (Mean) | 85.7 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (val) | J&F | 82.9 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (val) | Jaccard (Mean) | 80.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Mean) | 91.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 89.9 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Mean) | 88.7 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Mean) | 81.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | J&F | 78 | CFBI+ |
| Video | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Mean) | 74.4 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Seen) | 86.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Unseen) | 85.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Seen) | 81.8 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Unseen) | 77.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Overall | 82.8 | CFBI+ |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Speed (FPS) | 4 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2019 | Jaccard (Unseen) | 77.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Seen) | 86.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Unseen) | 85.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Seen) | 81.8 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Unseen) | 77.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Mean Jaccard & F-Measure | 82.8 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | F-measure | 85.7 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | Jaccard | 80.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | Mean Jaccard & F-Measure | 82.9 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | F-measure (Mean) | 85.7 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | J&F | 82.9 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | Jaccard (Mean) | 80.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Mean) | 91.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 89.9 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Mean) | 88.7 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Mean) | 81.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | J&F | 78 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Mean) | 74.4 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Seen) | 86.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Unseen) | 85.6 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Seen) | 81.8 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Unseen) | 77.1 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Overall | 82.8 | CFBI+ |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Speed (FPS) | 4 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | F-measure (Mean) | 85.7 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | J&F | 82.9 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (val) | Jaccard (Mean) | 80.1 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | F-measure (Mean) | 91.1 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 89.9 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Jaccard (Mean) | 88.7 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | F-measure (Mean) | 81.6 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | J&F | 78 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2017 (test-dev) | Jaccard (Mean) | 74.4 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Seen) | 86.6 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Unseen) | 85.6 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Seen) | 81.8 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Unseen) | 77.1 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Overall | 82.8 | CFBI+ |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Speed (FPS) | 4 | CFBI+ |