Andreas Robinson, Felix Järemo Lawin, Martin Danelljan, Fahad Shahbaz Khan, Michael Felsberg
Video object segmentation (VOS) is a highly challenging problem since the initial mask, defining the target object, is only given at test-time. The main difficulty is to effectively handle appearance changes and similar background objects, while maintaining accurate segmentation. Most previous approaches fine-tune segmentation networks on the first frame, resulting in impractical frame-rates and risk of overfitting. More recent methods integrate generative target appearance models, but either achieve limited robustness or require large amounts of training data. We propose a novel VOS architecture consisting of two network components. The target appearance model consists of a light-weight module, which is learned during the inference stage using fast optimization techniques to predict a coarse but robust target segmentation. The segmentation model is exclusively trained offline, designed to process the coarse scores into high quality segmentation masks. Our method is fast, easily trainable and remains highly effective in cases of limited training data. We perform extensive experiments on the challenging YouTube-VOS and DAVIS datasets. Our network achieves favorable performance, while operating at higher frame-rates compared to state-of-the-art. Code and trained models are available at https://github.com/andr345/frtm-vos.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 81.7 | FRTM (val) |
| Video | DAVIS 2016 | Speed (FPS) | 21.9 | FRTM (val) |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (G) | 81.7 | FRTM |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (F) | 71.2 | FRTM |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (G) | 68.8 | FRTM |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (J) | 66.4 | FRTM |
| Video | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | FPS | 21.9 | FRTM |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Seen) | 76.2 | FRTM |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Unseen) | 74.1 | FRTM |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Seen) | 72.3 | FRTM |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Overall | 72.1 | FRTM |
| Video | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Speed (FPS) | 65.9 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 81.7 | FRTM (val) |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Speed (FPS) | 21.9 | FRTM (val) |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (G) | 81.7 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (F) | 71.2 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (G) | 68.8 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (J) | 66.4 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | FPS | 21.9 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Seen) | 76.2 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Unseen) | 74.1 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Seen) | 72.3 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Overall | 72.1 | FRTM |
| Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Speed (FPS) | 65.9 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | J&F | 81.7 | FRTM (val) |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS 2016 | Speed (FPS) | 21.9 | FRTM (val) |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D16 val (G) | 81.7 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (F) | 71.2 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (G) | 68.8 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | D17 val (J) | 66.4 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | DAVIS (no YouTube-VOS training) | FPS | 21.9 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Seen) | 76.2 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | F-Measure (Unseen) | 74.1 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Jaccard (Seen) | 72.3 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Overall | 72.1 | FRTM |
| Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation | YouTube-VOS 2018 | Speed (FPS) | 65.9 | FRTM |