Zhengyan Zhang, Xu Han, Zhiyuan Liu, Xin Jiang, Maosong Sun, Qun Liu
Neural language representation models such as BERT pre-trained on large-scale corpora can well capture rich semantic patterns from plain text, and be fine-tuned to consistently improve the performance of various NLP tasks. However, the existing pre-trained language models rarely consider incorporating knowledge graphs (KGs), which can provide rich structured knowledge facts for better language understanding. We argue that informative entities in KGs can enhance language representation with external knowledge. In this paper, we utilize both large-scale textual corpora and KGs to train an enhanced language representation model (ERNIE), which can take full advantage of lexical, syntactic, and knowledge information simultaneously. The experimental results have demonstrated that ERNIE achieves significant improvements on various knowledge-driven tasks, and meanwhile is comparable with the state-of-the-art model BERT on other common NLP tasks. The source code of this paper can be obtained from https://github.com/thunlp/ERNIE.
| Task | Dataset | Metric | Value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relation Extraction | TACRED | F1 | 67.97 | ERNIE |
| Relation Extraction | FewRel | F1 | 88.32 | ERNIE |
| Relation Extraction | FewRel | Precision | 88.49 | ERNIE |
| Relation Extraction | FewRel | Recall | 88.44 | ERNIE |
| Relation Extraction | TACRED | F1 | 66 | BERT |
| Relation Extraction | TACRED | F1 | 68 | ERNIE |
| Relation Classification | TACRED | F1 | 66 | BERT |
| Relation Classification | TACRED | F1 | 68 | ERNIE |
| Natural Language Inference | MultiNLI | Matched | 84 | ERNIE |
| Natural Language Inference | MultiNLI | Mismatched | 83.2 | ERNIE |
| Semantic Textual Similarity | STS Benchmark | Pearson Correlation | 0.832 | ERNIE |
| Semantic Textual Similarity | Quora Question Pairs | F1 | 71.2 | ERNIE |
| Sentiment Analysis | SST-2 Binary classification | Accuracy | 93.5 | ERNIE |
| Entity Linking | FIGER | Accuracy | 57.19 | ERNIE |
| Entity Linking | FIGER | Macro F1 | 76.51 | ERNIE |
| Entity Linking | FIGER | Micro F1 | 73.39 | ERNIE |
| Paraphrase Identification | Quora Question Pairs | F1 | 71.2 | ERNIE |
| Entity Typing | Open Entity | F1 | 75.56 | ERNIE |
| Entity Typing | Open Entity | Precision | 78.42 | ERNIE |
| Entity Typing | Open Entity | Recall | 72.9 | ERNIE |