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Methods/DTW

DTW

Dynamic Time Warping

SequentialIntroduced 2000159 papers

Description

Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) [1] is one of well-known distance measures between a pairwise of time series. The main idea of DTW is to compute the distance from the matching of similar elements between time series. It uses the dynamic programming technique to find the optimal temporal matching between elements of two time series.

For instance, similarities in walking could be detected using DTW, even if one person was walking faster than the other, or if there were accelerations and decelerations during the course of an observation. DTW has been applied to temporal sequences of video, audio, and graphics data — indeed, any data that can be turned into a linear sequence can be analyzed with DTW. A well known application has been automatic speech recognition, to cope with different speaking speeds. Other applications include speaker recognition and online signature recognition. It can also be used in partial shape matching application.

In general, DTW is a method that calculates an optimal match between two given sequences (e.g. time series) with certain restriction and rules:

  1. Every index from the first sequence must be matched with one or more indices from the other sequence, and vice versa
  2. The first index from the first sequence must be matched with the first index from the other sequence (but it does not have to be its only match)
  3. The last index from the first sequence must be matched with the last index from the other sequence (but it does not have to be its only match)
  4. The mapping of the indices from the first sequence to indices from the other sequence must be monotonically increasing, and vice versa, i.e. if j>i are indices from the first sequence, then there must not be two indices l>k in the other sequence, such that index i is matched with index l and index j is matched with index k, and vice versa.

[1] Sakoe, Hiroaki, and Seibi Chiba. "Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition." IEEE transactions on acoustics, speech, and signal processing 26, no. 1 (1978): 43-49.

Papers Using This Method

Low-resource keyword spotting using contrastively trained transformer acoustic word embeddings2025-06-21Improved Learning via k-DTW: A Novel Dissimilarity Measure for Curves2025-05-29TimePoint: Accelerated Time Series Alignment via Self-Supervised Keypoint and Descriptor Learning2025-05-29LLM4FTS: Enhancing Large Language Models for Financial Time Series Prediction2025-05-05Spatiotemporal Emotional Synchrony in Dyadic Interactions: The Role of Speech Conditions in Facial and Vocal Affective Alignment2025-04-29Line Space Clustering (LSC): Feature-Based Clustering using K-medians and Dynamic Time Warping for Versatility2025-03-20On a Dissimilarity Metric for Analyzing Body Synergistic Coordination in Non-Periodic Motion2025-03-19Energy-Free Sensing and Context Recognition Using Photovoltaic Cells2025-03-07Two-level Solar Irradiance Clustering with Season Identification: A Comparative Analysis2025-01-17Multiscale Dubuc: A New Similarity Measure for Time Series2024-11-15ST-MoE-BERT: A Spatial-Temporal Mixture-of-Experts Framework for Long-Term Cross-City Mobility Prediction2024-10-18Unlabeled Action Quality Assessment Based on Multi-dimensional Adaptive Constrained Dynamic Time Warping2024-10-18SIMformer: Single-Layer Vanilla Transformer Can Learn Free-Space Trajectory Similarity2024-10-18Cross-Lingual Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection: A Transformer-Based Approach2024-10-05FinePseudo: Improving Pseudo-Labelling through Temporal-Alignablity for Semi-Supervised Fine-Grained Action Recognition2024-09-02Combining features on vertical ground reaction force signal analysis for multiclass diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases2024-08-20Impact of Design Decisions in Scanpath Modeling2024-05-14Nearest advocate: a novel event-based time delay estimation algorithm for multi-sensor time-series data synchronization2024-04-05Unsupervised Distance Metric Learning for Anomaly Detection Over Multivariate Time Series2024-03-04Evaluating DTW Measures via a Synthesis Framework for Time-Series Data2024-02-14