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ImageNet 32x32
Image Generation on ImageNet 32x32
Metric: bpd (lower is better)
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Model name (A→Z)
#
Model
↕
bpd
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Extra Data
Paper
Date
↕
Code
1
NFDM
3.34
No
Neural Flow Diffusion Models: Learnable Forward ...
2024-04-19
Code
2
i-DODE
3.43
No
Improved Techniques for Maximum Likelihood Estim...
2023-05-06
Code
3
BSI
3.44
No
Generative Modeling with Bayesian Sample Inference
2025-02-11
Code
4
FM
3.53
No
Flow Matching for Generative Modeling
2022-10-06
Code
5
NDM
3.55
No
Neural Diffusion Models
2023-10-12
-
6
DenseFlow-74-10
3.63
No
Densely connected normalizing flows
2021-06-08
Code
7
VDM
3.72
No
Variational Diffusion Models
2021-07-01
Code
8
Hourglass
3.74
No
Hierarchical Transformers Are More Efficient Lan...
2021-10-26
Code
9
Reflected Diffusion
3.74
No
Reflected Diffusion Models
2023-04-10
Code
10
ScoreFlow
3.76
No
Maximum Likelihood Training of Score-Based Diffu...
2021-01-22
Code
11
Image Transformer
3.77
No
Image Transformer
2018-02-15
-
12
δ-VAE
3.77
No
Preventing Posterior Collapse with delta-VAEs
2019-01-10
-
13
MRCNF
3.77
No
Multi-Resolution Continuous Normalizing Flows
2021-06-15
Code
14
Very Deep VAE
3.8
No
Very Deep VAEs Generalize Autoregressive Models ...
2020-11-20
Code
15
Gated PixelCNN
3.83
No
Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decod...
2016-06-16
Code
16
DDPM++ (VP, NLL) + ST
3.85
No
Soft Truncation: A Universal Training Technique ...
2021-06-10
Code
17
SPN Menick and Kalchbrenner (2019)
3.85
No
Generating High Fidelity Images with Subscale Pi...
2018-12-04
-
18
Flow++
3.86
No
Flow++: Improving Flow-Based Generative Models w...
2019-02-01
Code
19
PixelRNN
3.86
No
Pixel Recurrent Neural Networks
2016-01-25
Code
20
DDPM
3.89
No
Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
2020-06-19
Code
21
NVAE w/ flow
3.92
No
NVAE: A Deep Hierarchical Variational Autoencoder
2020-07-08
Code
22
ANF Huang et al. (2020)
3.92
No
Augmented Normalizing Flows: Bridging the Gap Be...
2020-02-17
Code
23
BIVA Maaloe et al. (2019)
3.96
No
BIVA: A Very Deep Hierarchy of Latent Variables ...
2019-02-06
Code
24
Residual Flow
4.01
No
Residual Flows for Invertible Generative Modeling
2019-06-06
Code
25
MintNet
4.06
No
MintNet: Building Invertible Neural Networks wit...
2019-07-18
Code
26
Glow (Kingma and Dhariwal, 2018)
4.09
No
Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convol...
2018-07-09
Code
27
Real NVP (Dinh et al., 2017)
4.28
No
Density estimation using Real NVP
2016-05-27
Code
#1
NFDM
SOTA
3.34
bpd
· 2024-04-19
Neural Flow Diffusion Models: Learnable Forward Process for Improved Diffusion Modelling
Code
#2
i-DODE
SOTA
3.43
bpd
· 2023-05-06
Improved Techniques for Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Diffusion ODEs
Code
#3
BSI
3.44
bpd
· 2025-02-11
Generative Modeling with Bayesian Sample Inference
Code
#4
FM
SOTA
3.53
bpd
· 2022-10-06
Flow Matching for Generative Modeling
Code
#5
NDM
3.55
bpd
· 2023-10-12
Neural Diffusion Models
#6
DenseFlow-74-10
SOTA
3.63
bpd
· 2021-06-08
Densely connected normalizing flows
Code
#7
VDM
3.72
bpd
· 2021-07-01
Variational Diffusion Models
Code
#8
Hourglass
3.74
bpd
· 2021-10-26
Hierarchical Transformers Are More Efficient Language Models
Code
#9
Reflected Diffusion
3.74
bpd
· 2023-04-10
Reflected Diffusion Models
Code
#10
ScoreFlow
SOTA
3.76
bpd
· 2021-01-22
Maximum Likelihood Training of Score-Based Diffusion Models
Code
#11
Image Transformer
SOTA
3.77
bpd
· 2018-02-15
Image Transformer
#12
δ-VAE
3.77
bpd
· 2019-01-10
Preventing Posterior Collapse with delta-VAEs
#13
MRCNF
3.77
bpd
· 2021-06-15
Multi-Resolution Continuous Normalizing Flows
Code
#14
Very Deep VAE
3.8
bpd
· 2020-11-20
Very Deep VAEs Generalize Autoregressive Models and Can Outperform Them on Images
Code
#15
Gated PixelCNN
SOTA
3.83
bpd
· 2016-06-16
Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decoders
Code
#16
DDPM++ (VP, NLL) + ST
3.85
bpd
· 2021-06-10
Soft Truncation: A Universal Training Technique of Score-based Diffusion Model for High Precision Score Estimation
Code
#17
SPN Menick and Kalchbrenner (2019)
3.85
bpd
· 2018-12-04
Generating High Fidelity Images with Subscale Pixel Networks and Multidimensional Upscaling
#18
Flow++
3.86
bpd
· 2019-02-01
Flow++: Improving Flow-Based Generative Models with Variational Dequantization and Architecture Design
Code
#19
PixelRNN
SOTA
3.86
bpd
· 2016-01-25
Pixel Recurrent Neural Networks
Code
#20
DDPM
3.89
bpd
· 2020-06-19
Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
Code
#21
NVAE w/ flow
3.92
bpd
· 2020-07-08
NVAE: A Deep Hierarchical Variational Autoencoder
Code
#22
ANF Huang et al. (2020)
3.92
bpd
· 2020-02-17
Augmented Normalizing Flows: Bridging the Gap Between Generative Flows and Latent Variable Models
Code
#23
BIVA Maaloe et al. (2019)
3.96
bpd
· 2019-02-06
BIVA: A Very Deep Hierarchy of Latent Variables for Generative Modeling
Code
#24
Residual Flow
4.01
bpd
· 2019-06-06
Residual Flows for Invertible Generative Modeling
Code
#25
MintNet
4.06
bpd
· 2019-07-18
MintNet: Building Invertible Neural Networks with Masked Convolutions
Code
#26
Glow (Kingma and Dhariwal, 2018)
4.09
bpd
· 2018-07-09
Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutions
Code
#27
Real NVP (Dinh et al., 2017)
4.28
bpd
· 2016-05-27
Density estimation using Real NVP
Code